Personal Pronouns
Glotoid pronouns are unisex. They can be used for any gender, any social status, and any degree of formality. There is no animacy distinction either, so they can be used for humans, non-human organisms, and objects.
Glotoid | Abr. | English Equivalent |
---|---|---|
ma | 1SG | I/me (the speaker) |
mo okla / mokla | ex.1PL | exclusive we/us, my friends and I (the larger group/population represented by the speaker) |
ta | 2SG/ex.2PL | thou/thee, you, you all (the audience) |
to okla / tokla | in.2PL | you, you and your friends (the larger group/population represented by the audience) |
sa okla / sokla | in.1PL | inclusive we/us, you and I |
la | 3SG/3PL | that/those thing(s), they/them, she/her, he/him, it |
The pronoun mokla is used when talking on behalf of a group, e.g. an ambassador talking about the interests of their country's goverment. Likewise, the pronoun tokla is used when talking to someone who is regarded as a representative of a group, e.g. a customer talking to the store staff about the store's refund policy. The third person pronoun la is the same as the distal demonstrative meaning 'that thing/person over there'.
Genitive / Possessive (-o)
Possessives are marked by adding -o to the owner of the object.
mo 1SG-GEN |
hima clothes |
'my clothes' |
lo 3-GEN |
oeka house |
||
'their house' |
Reflexive & Reciprocal Pronouns (auta & alo auta)
The reflexive pronoun auta is used for actions done by the subject to itself.
Sa this |
felin'ai cat |
auto REF-GEN |
linguatos' lick |
'This cat licks itself.' |
The reciprocal pronoun alo auta is used when multiple subjects do the same action to each other.
Dua two |
felin'ai cat |
alo auto REC-GEN |
optos' see |
'Two cats are looking at each other.' |
Demonstrative Pronouns (Sa & La)
The words sa and la are proximal and distal demonstratives respectively. Sa is used for things near the speaker and la is used for things far away from the speaker.
Glotoid | English Equivalent | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
sa | : | this/these thing/one(s) here, the latter, the subsequent party | ||
la | : | that/those thing/one(s) over there, the former, the aforementioned party | ||
la kua | : | which, which one(s)? | ||
amfo la | : | whichever, any one of them (no restriction; free to choose anything you like) | ||
ietsa | : | at least one of them (a specific individual, but we don't know which one) |
Demontratives can be used as a determiner with an accompanying noun.
M'ai 1SG |
sa this |
iktio fish-GEN |
fagos' eat |
'I eat this fish' |
Ornit'ai bird |
la that |
iktio fish-GEN |
fagos' eat |
'A bird eats that fish.' |
Demontratives can also be used as a pronoun by itself without any accmpanying noun.
T'ai 2SG |
la kuo which one-GEN |
fagos? eat |
'Which one did you eat?' |
M'ai 1SG |
so this one-GEN |
fagos' eat |
'I ate this one.' |
Determiners for Categories
These words are used to make statements about whole categories or types of objects.
Glotoid | English Equivalent | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
soida | : | this type of thing | ||
loida | : | that type of thing | ||
kua | : | what? what kind of thing? | ||
amfo ... | : | any type of ... | ||
ietsoida ... | : | a certain type of ..., somekind of ... |
Here are some examples.
T'ai 2SG |
filose like-CNS |
kua what.kind |
zoa? animal |
'What type of animal do you like?' |
M'ai 1SG |
filose like-CNS |
hei-Mickey Mouse. Mickey Mouse. |
M'ai 1SG |
filose like-CNS |
loida that.kind |
zoa animal |
'I like Mickey Mouse. I like that kind of animal.' (I like animals like Micky Mouse) |
T'ai 2SG |
filose like-CNS |
rodenta animal |
aua? (confirm)? |
'Ah, so you like mice, is that right?' |