GLOTOIDA

Personal Pronouns

Glotoid pronouns are unisex. They can be used for any gender, any social status, and any degree of formality. There is no animacy distinction either, so they can be used for humans, non-human organisms, and objects.

Glotoid Abr. English Equivalent
mea 1SG I/me (the speaker)
meala ex.1PL exclusive we/us, my friends and I
(the larger group/population represented by the speaker)
tua 2SG/ex.2PL thou/thee, you, you all (the audience)
tuala in.2PL you, you and your friends
(the larger group/population represented by the audience)
tuamea in.1PL inclusive we/us, you and I
la 3SG/3PL that/those thing(s), they/them, she/her, he/him, it

The pronoun meala is used when talking on behalf of a group, e.g. an ambassador talking about the interests of their country's goverment. Likewise, the pronoun tuala is used when talking to someone who is regarded as a representative of a group, e.g. a customer talking to the store staff about the store's refund policy. The third person pronoun la is the same as the distal demonstrative meaning 'that thing/person over there'.

Genitive / Possessive (-o)

Possessives are marked by adding -o to the owner of the object.

meo
1SG-GEN
hima
clothes
'my clothes'

lo
3-GEN
oeka
house
'their house'

Reflexive & Reciprocal Pronouns (auta & alo auta)

The reflexive pronoun auta is used for actions done by the subject to itself.

Sa
this
felin'ai
cat
auto
REF-GEN
linguatos'
lick
'This cat licks itself.'

The reciprocal pronoun alo auta is used when multiple subjects do the same action to each other.

Dua
two
felin'ai
cat
alo auto
REC-GEN
optos'
see
'Two cats are looking at each other.'

Demonstrative Pronouns (Sa & La)

The words sa and la are proximal and distal demonstratives respectively. Sa is used for things near the speaker and la is used for things far away from the speaker.

Glotoid English Equivalent
sa : this/these thing/one(s) here, the latter, the subsequent party
la : that/those thing/one(s) over there, the former, the aforementioned party
la kua : which, which one(s)?
amfo la : whichever, any one of them (no restriction; free to choose anything you like)
ietsa : at least one of them (a specific individual, but we don't know which one)

Demontratives can be used as a determiner with an accompanying noun.

Me'ai
1SG
sa
this
iktio
fish-GEN
fagos'
eat
'I eat this fish'

Ornit'ai
bird
la
that
iktio
fish-GEN
fagos'
eat
'A bird eats that fish.'

Demontratives can also be used as a pronoun by itself without any accmpanying noun.

Tu'ai
2SG
la kuo
which one-GEN
fagos?
eat
'Which one did you eat?'
Me'ai
1SG
so
this one-GEN
fagos'
eat
'I ate this one.'

Determiners for Categories

These words are used to make statements about whole categories or types of objects.

Glotoid English Equivalent
soida : this type of thing
loida : that type of thing
kua : what? what kind of thing?
amfo ... : any type of ...
ietsoida ... : a certain type of ..., somekind of ...

Here are some examples.

Tu'ai
2SG
filose
like-CNS
kua
what.kind
zoa?
animal
'What type of animal do you like?'
Me'ai
1SG
filose
like-CNS
he-Mickey Mouse.
Mickey Mouse.
Me'ai
1SG
filose
like-CNS
loida
that.kind
zoa
animal
'I like Mickey Mouse. I like that kind of animal.'
(I like animals like Micky Mouse)
Tu'ai
2SG
filose
like-CNS
rodenta
animal
aua?
(confirm)?
'Ah, so you like mice, is that right?'