Locative Prepositions
Locative prepositions tell us where something exists or happens.
| ende | : | in, inside of |
| ekse | : | outside of |
| inter | : | between |
| peri | : | around, surrounding |
| mese | : | at, in the middle |
| epi | : | on the surface of |
| dia | : | through, across |
| para | : | beside, next to |
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Some prepositions are dependent on the point of view of the speaker.
| supre | : | on top of, above, further up |
| infre | : | under, below, further down |
| leve | : | to the left of, further left |
| dekse | : | to the right of, further right |
| postehe | : | on the far side |
| antehe | : | on the near side |
| Hidre water-CNS |
kofe'ai coffee-E |
ontos' exist |
supre above |
trapeza. table |
| 'There is (a cup of) coffee on the table.' | ||||
| Trapez'ai table |
ontos' exist |
infre below |
komputera. computer |
|
| 'The table is under the computer.' | ||||
| La that |
mikro small |
fit'ai plant |
ontos' exist |
leve left |
komputera. computer |
| 'That small plant is on the left side of the computer.' | |||||
| La that |
makro big |
fit'ai plant-E |
ontos' exist |
dekse right |
komputera computer |
| 'That large plant is on the right side of the computer.' | |||||
| Hidre water-GEN |
kofe'ai coffee-E |
ontos' exist |
ante before |
komputera. computer |
| 'There is (a cup of) coffee in front of the computer.' | ||||
| La that |
mikro small |
fit'ai plant |
ontos' exist |
poste after |
biblia. book |
||
| 'That small plant is behind some books.' | |||||||
We can change the point of view by specifying the person used as reference.
| Kronotron'ai clock |
ontos' exist |
gino woman-ɢᴇɴ |
leve left |
palata. board |
||
| 'There is a clock to the left of a board (with reference to a woman).' | ||||||
Lative (pros)
The lative preposition pros indicates movement towards a destination. We can also combine it with locative prepositions to specify the position of its destination.
| El'ai 3SG |
ambulos' walk |
pros ʟᴀᴛ |
didaktioeka. school |
| 'She walks to school.' | |||
| Felin'ai cat |
saltos' jump |
pros ʟᴀᴛ |
ende in |
teka. box |
| 'A cat jumps into a box.' | ||||
It can also be used figuratively to indicate a recipient or an end product.
| T'ai 2SG |
biblio book-ɢᴇɴ |
dotos' give |
pros ʟᴀᴛ |
ma. 1SG |
| 'You gave a book to me.' | ||||
| Pir'ai fire |
aetos' cause |
kata ᴘᴀᴛ |
hidra water |
pros ʟᴀᴛ |
atma. steam |
| 'Fire turns some water into steam.' | |||||
Ablative (apo)
The ablative preposition apo indicates movement away from an origin. Like the lative, it can be combined with locative prepositions and be used figuratively to indicate a donor or an initial state.
The reciprocal pronoun alo auta is used when multiple subjects do the same action to each other.
| Felin'ai cat |
saltos' jump |
apo ᴀʙʟ |
ekse outside |
teka. box |
| 'A cat jumps from outside a box.' | ||||